Small nodules that stay the same size over time are less concerning. Nodules that grow or have unusual features may require more tests, such as a PET scan and/or a biopsy, which involves collecting a small tissue sample. Doctors may also order a blood test that can help to determine a person’s risk of cancer.
The goal is to find cancer as early as possible while avoiding tests or procedures that a person may not need.
How does lung cancer screening help?
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. One reason is that the disease often develops without clear warning signs. By the time symptoms, such as a lasting cough, chest pain or coughing up blood, appear, the cancer may be more advanced.
Lung cancer screening can detect the disease before symptoms appear, when treatment may be more effective. Research has shown that screening people at high risk can reduce their risk of dying from lung cancer.
People are also reading…
That is why screening is so important.
Hollings’ Lung Cancer Screening Program offers screening and consultation at locations across South Carolina, bringing these specialized services closer to home.
Screening uses a low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan, which creates detailed images of the lungs using a small amount of radiation. Unlike a traditional chest X-ray, a low-dose CT scan can reveal very small nodules that might otherwise go undetected.
The scan is quick and painless and does not involve needles or dye. During the scan, a patient lies on a table with their arms raised above their head. The table slides through the scanner, and the patient briefly holds their breath while images are taken.
Specialized radiologists review the images, and the results are shared with the patient's physician. The patient is then contacted with the results and any recommended next steps.
For people who currently smoke, the program also offers access to resources and counseling to help them to quit through the MUSC Health Tobacco Treatment Program.
Who should get screened for lung cancer?
Not everyone needs regular lung cancer screening. Current screening recommendations focus on people who are at higher risk because of their age and smoking history.
Importantly, screening is meant for people at higher risk who do not have symptoms of lung cancer. Anyone experiencing concerning symptoms should speak with a healthcare provider about diagnostic testing.
You may qualify for annual lung cancer screening if you:
- Are between 50 and 80 years old.
- Have a smoking history of at least 20 pack-years. That could mean smoking one pack of cigarettes a day for 20 years or two packs a day for 10 years.
- Currently smoke cigarettes or quit within the past 15 years.
People who meet these criteria should talk with a healthcare provider about whether screening is right for them.
What about people who have never smoked?
As the pope’s diagnosis shows, lung cancer can affect nonsmokers as well as smokers.
People who have never smoked typically do not need routine screening. However, a lung nodule found during another scan may still need follow-up, regardless of a person’s smoking history.
A finding, not a diagnosis
The news surrounding Pope Leo XIV has brought new attention to lung nodules and the importance of finding cancer early.
For most people, these small spots will turn out to be noncancerous. But when a nodule raises concerns about lung cancer, timely evaluation can lead to an earlier diagnosis and, when appropriate, treatment.
At MUSC Health, lung cancer screening coordinators guide patients through the evaluation process and connect them with specialists when more testing or care is needed. If cancer is found, patients can access the multidisciplinary expertise, advanced treatments and clinical trials offered through Hollings’ Lung and Thoracic Cancer Program.
Whether a nodule is discovered unexpectedly or through routine screening, understanding your risk and following the recommended next steps can make sure you get the care you need when you need it.
